[{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org\/","@type":"Article","@id":"https:\/\/www.playduo.cz\/neobycejne-obycejna-tuzka\/#Article","mainEntityOfPage":"https:\/\/www.playduo.cz\/neobycejne-obycejna-tuzka\/","headline":"Neoby\u010dejn\u011b oby\u010dejn\u00e1 tu\u017eka","name":"Neoby\u010dejn\u011b oby\u010dejn\u00e1 tu\u017eka","description":"Je s\u00a0podivem, \u017ee vyn\u00e1lez tu\u017eky je velmi mlad\u00fd a byl objeven a\u017e po vyn\u00e1lezu knihtisku. P\u0159edch\u016fdcem tu\u017eky byla olov\u011bn\u00e1 ty\u010dka, kterou objevili sta\u0159\u00ed \u0158ekov\u00e9 a \u0158\u00edman\u00e9. Na papyru zanech\u00e1vala jemnou linku, \u010d\u00edm\u017e byla vhodn\u00e1 ke psan\u00ed. V\u00a016. stolet\u00ed p\u0159i\u0161el rozmach v\u00a0u\u017e\u00edv\u00e1n\u00ed grafitu. Bohat\u00e9 lo\u017eisko velmi kvalitn\u00edho grafitu bylo objeveno v\u00a0mal\u00e9 vesni\u010dce Borrowdale v\u00a0Anglii. V\u00a0ostatn\u00edch zem\u00edch nebylo lo\u017eisko tak kvalitn\u00ed, aby […]","datePublished":"2018-08-27","dateModified":"2023-05-02","author":{"@type":"Person","@id":"https:\/\/www.playduo.cz\/author\/#Person","name":"","url":"https:\/\/www.playduo.cz\/author\/","identifier":1,"image":{"@type":"ImageObject","@id":"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/16435f0a6c9262449b9ebb39f63178cd65c54b09f931b6f84682f48086e3d763?s=96&d=mm&r=g","url":"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/16435f0a6c9262449b9ebb39f63178cd65c54b09f931b6f84682f48086e3d763?s=96&d=mm&r=g","height":96,"width":96}},"publisher":{"@type":"Organization","name":"playduo.cz","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","@id":"\/logo.png","url":"\/logo.png","width":600,"height":60}},"image":{"@type":"ImageObject","@id":"https:\/\/www.playduo.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/img_a322298_w2225_t1533846361.jpg","url":"https:\/\/www.playduo.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/img_a322298_w2225_t1533846361.jpg","height":0,"width":0},"url":"https:\/\/www.playduo.cz\/neobycejne-obycejna-tuzka\/","wordCount":462,"articleBody":"Je s\u00a0podivem, \u017ee vyn\u00e1lez tu\u017eky je velmi mlad\u00fd a byl objeven a\u017e po vyn\u00e1lezu knihtisku. P\u0159edch\u016fdcem tu\u017eky byla olov\u011bn\u00e1 ty\u010dka, kterou objevili sta\u0159\u00ed \u0158ekov\u00e9 a \u0158\u00edman\u00e9. Na papyru zanech\u00e1vala jemnou linku, \u010d\u00edm\u017e byla vhodn\u00e1 ke psan\u00ed.V\u00a016. stolet\u00ed p\u0159i\u0161el rozmach v\u00a0u\u017e\u00edv\u00e1n\u00ed grafitu. Bohat\u00e9 lo\u017eisko velmi kvalitn\u00edho grafitu bylo objeveno v\u00a0mal\u00e9 vesni\u010dce Borrowdale v\u00a0Anglii. V\u00a0ostatn\u00edch zem\u00edch nebylo lo\u017eisko tak kvalitn\u00ed, aby byla anglick\u00e1 tu\u017eka ohro\u017eena. Anglie dokonce zak\u00e1zala i v\u00fdvoz. Past\u00fd\u0159i vyu\u017e\u00edvali grafit hlavn\u011b k\u00a0identifikaci ovc\u00ed, aby si je mezi sebou nepletli. V\u011bt\u0161inou byl grafit o\u0159ez\u00e1v\u00e1n na hranoly a obalov\u00e1n k\u016f\u017e\u00ed, aby se s\u00a0n\u00edm p\u0159i pr\u00e1ci neu\u0161pinili.D\u016fl v Borrowdale byl zat\u00edm jedin\u00fdm m\u00edstem na sv\u011bt\u011b, kde se grafit t\u011b\u017eil.St\u00e1le ale nem\u011bla tu\u017eka takovou podobu, jakou zn\u00e1me dnes. Dne\u0161n\u00ed podoba tu\u017eky p\u0159i\u0161la a\u017e na konci 18. stolet\u00ed. Angli\u010dan\u00e9 nehodlali poskytnout grafit Francouz\u016fm, kte\u0159\u00ed po n\u00ed hladov\u011b dychtili. Tento \u010din vedl k\u00a0objevu, jak vyrobit tuhu i z\u00a0nekvalitn\u00edho grafitu a s\u00a0t\u00edm p\u0159i\u0161el Francouz Nicolas-Jacques Cont\u00e9. Objev spo\u010d\u00edval v\u00a0tom, \u017ee se namlel m\u00e9n\u011b kvalitn\u00ed grafit, kter\u00fd se sm\u00edchal s\u00a0jemn\u00fdm j\u00edlem, sm\u011bs byla vyp\u00e1lena ve vysok\u00fdch teplot\u00e1ch a v\u00fdsledn\u00e1 ztuhl\u00e1 \u010dern\u00e1 hmota byla pota\u017een\u00e1 voskem. Dal\u0161\u00ed podobn\u00e9 metody byly objeveny i v\u00a0Americe. Zde byly vyr\u00e1b\u011bny tu\u017eky nejsp\u00ed\u0161e po vyhl\u00e1\u0161en\u00ed nez\u00e1vislosti.Dal\u0161\u00edm vyn\u00e1lezcem m\u016f\u017eeme nazvat Raku\u0161ana Josepha Hardmutha, kter\u00fd p\u0159i\u0161el o p\u011bt let d\u0159\u00edv ne\u017e Cont\u00e9 s\u00a0podobnou metodou, jak z\u00a0j\u00edlu ud\u011blat kvalitn\u00ed um\u011blou tuhu, kterou pot\u00e9 vpravil do d\u0159ev\u011bn\u00e9ho obalu. Metoda byla patentov\u00e1na a\u017e na za\u010d\u00e1tku 19. stolet\u00ed. O n\u011bkolik let pozd\u011bji byla ve V\u00eddni otev\u0159ena spole\u010dnost Koh-I-Noor, kter\u00e1 pracovala p\u0159ev\u00e1\u017en\u011b s\u00a0kameninami a o n\u011bkolik des\u00edtek let se p\u0159esunula v\u00fdrobu do \u010cesk\u00fdch Bud\u011bdojvic, kde se zam\u011b\u0159ila v\u00fdhradn\u011b na v\u00fdrobu tu\u017eek.Podoba tu\u017eky se do dne\u0161n\u00ed doby t\u00e9m\u011b\u0159 nezm\u011bnila. Jej\u00ed vzhled je sp\u00ed\u0161e stejn\u00fd. V\u00a0sou\u010dasnosti se m\u016f\u017eeme setkat nap\u0159\u00edklad s\u00a0tu\u017ekou, kter\u00e1 m\u00e1 na sob\u011b v\u00ed\u010dko, v\u00a0n\u011bm\u017e je zabudovan\u00e9 o\u0159ez\u00e1v\u00e1tko. Tato tu\u017eka se prod\u00e1v\u00e1 v\u00a0Americe za stovky dolar\u016f. Jej\u00ed v\u00fdhodou je, \u017ee je st\u00e1le ostr\u00e1 a nemus\u00edte na n\u00ed kupovat v\u0161emo\u017en\u00e9 pen\u00e1ly.\u00a0                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        4.1\/5 - (8 votes)        "},{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org\/","@type":"BreadcrumbList","itemListElement":[{"@type":"ListItem","position":1,"name":"Neoby\u010dejn\u011b oby\u010dejn\u00e1 tu\u017eka","item":"https:\/\/www.playduo.cz\/neobycejne-obycejna-tuzka\/#breadcrumbitem"}]}]